Bespoke’s Morning Lineup – 3/29/23 – Global Optimism

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“Anyone who isn’t confused really doesn’t understand the situation.” – Edward R Murrow

Morning stock market summary

Below is a snippet of content from today’s Morning Lineup for Bespoke Premium members.  Start a two-week trial to Bespoke Premium now to access the full report.

50 years ago today, the United States officially withdrew from Vietnam ending what was at the time the longest war in US history and easily the least popular.  Five decades is a long time, but it’s also hard to imagine how quickly things can change in that time or even shorter.

You don’t need to look at the back of an electronic device or a tag of clothing to realize that China has long been considered the factory to the world.  However, beginning under the Trump Administration, China has, for numerous reasons, been losing its allure as a place for companies to source production and manufacturing. That trend was only exacerbated by COVID as shattered supply chains, strict COVID-zero policies, and the desire of companies not to have all their production eggs in one basket all resulted in what has become a wave of diversification.  China still remains the dominant global manufacturing source for cheap production, but other countries in the region have picked up share.

Enter Vietnam.  The chart below shows the relative strength of the MSCI China ETF (MCHI) versus the VanEck Vietnam ETF (VNM).  From 2013 right up through the end of Q1 2020, Chinese stocks handily outperformed China, but right when COVID hit, that outperformance came to a screeching halt.  Within a year after the onset of COVID, it became clear that China would maintain its strict COVID policies, investors and manufacturers looked elsewhere.  For the next year, Vietnamese stocks crushed Chinese stocks on a relative basis.  Over the last several months as China has reopened, some of the outperformance by Vietnam has reversed, but the momentum of Chinese stocks in the years from 2013 through 2020 is a broken trend.

Closer to home, Mexico has also been a winner in the wave of global manufacturing diversification. While it doesn’t have the manufacturing infrastructure of China, for certain applications or sectors, Mexico has been able to pick up share as companies save on the costs and time of shipping and can more easily oversee operations.  Given that Mexico’s economy is also one-fifth the size of China, a ‘little’ loss of share in China goes a much longer way in Mexico.

The shift in Mexico’s fortunes has clearly been reflected in the performance of Mexican stocks, especially relative to China.  Like the chart above, the one below compares the relative strength of the MSCI China ETF (MCHI) to the MSCI Mexico (EWW) over the last ten years.  Again, right up to and in the very early days of COVID, China handily outperformed Mexico, but early in the pandemic, the attractiveness of Mexico started to improve, and in the span of just over two years, Mexico has erased pretty much all of China’s outperformance from the prior eight years. Looking at charts like these is it any wonder that China was quick to pretty much drop all of its COVID restrictions in the last few months?

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Richmond Fed Rebounds Without Other Regions

This morning the Richmond Fed released the fifth and final regional manufacturing report. Consistent with other regional Fed reports released this month, which we discussed through our Five Fed Manufacturing Composite in last night’s Closer and will update with the addition of the Richmond Fed again tonight, manufacturing activity remains in contraction. That being said, the index rose 11 points from a recent low of -16 to -5.

In terms of percentiles, that reading remains in the bottom quartile of its historical range.  However, that is a massive improvement from the bottom 5% reading last month.  Additionally, the month-over-month increase was significant, just shy of a top decile increase. Breadth in this month’s report was solid with only vendor lead times and employment metrics like wages and availability of skills falling further. Most other categories saw higher month-over-month readings with several (like Shipments and New Orders) being historically large.

As mentioned above, demand-related metrics like New Orders, Shipments, and Backlogs of Orders surged in March.  However, coming from very weak readings in February, it is still not a positive picture.  Shipments was the only one of these indices to move back to an expansionary reading.  Shipments expectations were also particularly rosy with the reading of 25 marking the highest level in eleven months. Meanwhile, the Vendor Lead Times index remains around some of the lowest levels on record which indicates firms are reporting rapid declines in the time it takes for products to reach their destination.

Given orders are coming in more slowly and supply chain improvements have made doing business easier, inventories are beginning to build.  Indices tracking both Raw Material Inventories and Finished Good Inventories have rapidly risen over the past several months following deeply contractionary readings throughout 2020 through 2022.  This month, the index for Finished Good Inventories hit a new post-pandemic high while Raw Material Inventories have flattened out after peaking at the end of last year.

Whereas inventory indices have flown higher, price indices are plummeting.  Prices Paid hit a new low of 6.24% with expectations hitting a new low in tow.  Prices Received actually saw a very modest increase following sharp declines since November.


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Home Prices Fall Nationwide, Except for Miami

Home price figures around the country for January were published by S&P CoreLogic today in the form of the updated Case Shiller indices.  Below is a table showing the month-over-month and year-over-year change for the 20 cities tracked along with the three national indices.  For each city, we also include how much home prices are still up from their pre-COVID levels in February 2020 and how much home prices are down from their post-COVID peaks.

For the month of January, the national indices showed home prices down about 0.50% month-over-month (m/m) and still up 2-3% on a year-over-year (y/y) basis.  There were four cities that saw m/m declines of more than 1%: San Francisco, Seattle, Phoenix, and Las Vegas.  Miami was the only city that gained m/m at +0.09%.

Year-over-year, San Francisco is now down 7.60%, while Seattle is down 5.11%.  San Diego and Portland are the only other cities in the red y/y, while Tampa and Miami are the only two cities still up 10%+ y/y.

Home prices have been falling hard in recent months (which hasn’t made its way into the official inflation data yet).  Below is a look at the drop in home prices from their post-COVID highs.  As shown, while some cities like New York, Miami, and Atlanta have yet to fall much at all, cities like San Francisco and Seattle are down more than 15%.

Even with the drops, though, prices are still up across the board from the levels they sat at in February 2020 just before COVID hit.  As shown below, the two best-performing cities post-COVID in terms of home price appreciation are two Florida cities: Tampa and Miami.  Cities that are up the least post-COVID (but still up 20-30%) include Portland, Chicago, DC, Minneapolis, and San Francisco.

Below is a look at the actual levels of the 20 Case Shiller city indices plus the three national indices.  We’ve drawn lines to show when COVID hit so you can see how much prices are up from pre-COVID levels.

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Bespoke’s Morning Lineup – 3/28/23 – Melatonin Market

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“If you want total security, go to prison. There you’re fed, clothed, given medical care, and so on. The only thing lacking… is freedom.” – Dwight D Eisenhower

Morning stock market summary

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You couldn’t really ask for a more sleepy morning in the markets as futures are basically unchanged.  S&P 500 futures are up less than a point, the Nasdaq is indicated to open down less than two points, and the Dow is indicated to open up by less than a point as well. Treasury yields are higher with the 10-year yield up by 4 basis points (bps) to 3.57% while the 2-year yield is up by 7 bps and back over 4%.

We could see the market wake up later on today with Wholesale Inventories at 8:30, the FHFA House Price Index at 9:00, and then finally at 10, we’ll get Consumer Confidence and Richmond Fed.  The Richmond Fed report will be the fifth and final of the five Fed manufacturing reports that are reported each month, and like the rest of them (which showed no growth), it is expected to come in negative, although not as bad as February’s reading.

Investors can’t seem to make up their minds as to where stocks should go from here, how the bank crisis will play out, and whether the FOMC’s next move will be a rate hike, a rate pause, or a rate cut!  Think about it.  How often is it that credible arguments can be made for any of those three decisions? With that uncertainty, is it any surprise that the S&P 500 is sandwiched right between its 50 and 200-day moving averages (DMA)?

Even as the S&P 500 shows the characteristics of an indecisive market, there’s more dispersion at the sector level.  Of the eleven sectors, seven (shown below) closed yesterday below both their 50 and 200-DMAs.


On the upside, the only two sectors above both their 50 and 200-DMAs are Communication Services and Technology (below). That leaves just one sector – Industrials (XLI) – which, like the S&P 500, is sandwiched between those two averages.

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Short Interest Update

Although equities broadly are starting the new week higher, the most heavily shorted stocks are trading lower today. In the chart below, we show the relative strength of an index of the 100 most heavily shorted stocks versus the Russell 3,000 since January 2021 (the peak of the meme stock mania). Overall, the past couple of years since that period have consistently seen heavily shorted names underperform as seen through the downward trending line below.  Although heavily shorted names saw some outperformance in January, they are making new lows.

On Friday, the latest short interest data as of mid-March was released by FINRA.  Overall, there has not been too much of a change in short interest levels with the average reading on short interest as a percentage of float of Russell 3,000 stocks rising by 5 bps since the start of the year to 5.8%.

Prior to the changes to industry classifications that went into effect one week ago, the formerly labeled “retailing” industry consistently held the highest levels of short interest.  Now, it is the Consumer Discretionary Distribution and Retail industry in the top spot with an average short interest level of 12.7%.  That is up from 12.5% coming into the year and is multiple percentage points higher than the two next highest industries: Pharmaceuticals, Biotechnology & Life Sciences (9.36%) and Autos (9.18%).  In spite of the recent bank closures, the banking industry actually has the lowest average levels of short interest. That being said, the latest data as of March 15th would have only accounted for a few days following the collapse of SVB. As such, the next release scheduled for April 12th with end-of-month data will provide a better read on the recent banking trouble’s impact on short interest levels.

In the table below, we show the individual Russell 3,000 stocks with the highest levels of short interest as of the March 15th data.  The sole two stocks with more than half of shares sold short are both Health Care names: Design Therapeutics (DSGN) and Allogene Therapeutics (ALLO).  Both have seen short interest levels rise mid-single digits year to date.  Other notables with high levels of short interest include some names that were briefly in vogue in recent years like Carvana (CVNA) and Beyond Meat (BYND). While short interest levels remain elevated, those are also two of the stocks listed below that have seen the largest declines in short interest this year which is likely due to solid appreciation in their stock prices. Only Marathon Digital (MARA) has seen a larger drop with its short interest level falling 11.4 percentage points since the end of last year after the stock more than doubled year to date.  We would also note another crypto-related name, MicroStrategy (MSTR), is on the list and has been the second-best performer of the Russell 3,000 stocks with the highest short interest.

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Commercial Bank Deposits Down a Record 3.33% YoY

The Federal Reserve’s FRED data on commercial bank deposits was just updated through the week of 3/15.  From the prior week, deposits fell roughly $100 billion, or about 0.56% from $17.6 trillion down to $17.5 trillion.  A week-over-week decline of 0.56% is nothing out of the norm, although it was the biggest decline in percentage terms since last April when deposits fell 0.6% during the week of 4/20.

What is out of the norm is the drop we’ve seen in bank deposits over the last year.  Prior to 2023, the largest year-over-year decline we’d ever seen in bank deposits was a 1.58% drop back in September 1994.  That record drop was broken earlier this year when we got a reading of -1.61% during the week of 2/1.  Since 2/1, the year-over-year decline has only gotten worse.  As of the most recent week (3/15), the year-over-year decline stands at -3.33%.

Below is a chart showing the year-over-year change in commercial bank deposits using data from FRED.  What stands out the most is not just that we’re now at record YoY lows, but that it’s coming after what had been record YoY increases in deposits.  Remember, after COVID hit, the government deposited cash into the bank accounts of Americans multiple times.

Below is a look at the absolute level of commercial bank deposits over the years going back to 1974 when FRED’s data begins.  During the COVID recession from March through May 2020, bank deposits increased roughly $2 trillion.  As you can see in the chart, we’ve never seen a spike anywhere near as large over such a short period of time.  Notably, though, deposits kept on running higher for the next two years, rising another $2.8 trillion by the time they peaked at $18.16 trillion in mid-April 2022.  That peak came a month after the Fed’s first rate hike of the current tightening cycle, and since then we’ve seen deposits fall about $650 billion from their highs.  Given how elevated deposits remain above pre-COVID levels, there’s no reason to think they won’t fall further unless banks really step up the interest they’re paying on deposits given a Fed Funds rate of 5%.

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Bespoke’s Morning Lineup – 3/27/23 – No News is Good News

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“Sitting here in limbo, waiting for the dice to roll.”– Jimmy Cliff

Morning stock market summary

Below is a snippet of content from today’s Morning Lineup for Bespoke Premium members.  Start a two-week trial to Bespoke Premium now to access the full report.

Andrew Jackson once said that he had always been afraid of banks, and the market echoed that sentiment for the last several weeks, but this morning, they’ve put those fears aside.  A deal from First Citizens Bank to acquire the assets of SVB Financial coupled with the fact that there were no other major headlines of trouble over the weekend here or in Europe, specifically with Deutsche Bank, has futures firmly in positive territory to start the last trading week of the first quarter.  The economic calendar is quiet today with the Dallas Fed Manufacturing survey being the only report scheduled for release (10:30 Eastern).  In Europe, the major equity indices are all up by more than 1%.  It’s a good start at least!

For the equity market, we’re kicking off the last week of the quarter in a bit of a limbo period as the S&P 500 closed out last week modestly above its 200-day moving average (DMA) after briefly breaking below it during the trading day Friday.  That was a moral victory for bulls, but it came just a day after it failed to close above its 50-DMA on Thursday after briefly breaking through it to the upside.

Given the pre-opening strength in equities and lack of new stresses in the financial sector, treasuries are selling off this morning, especially at the short end of the curve as the two-year yield is up close to 20 basis points (bps) and inching towards 4%. Crude oil is back above $70 per barrel, and gold is down 1.5% after failing to hold the $2,000 level last week.

Within the S&P 500, it was a broad rally last week as nine of eleven sectors (even Financials!) finished the week in positive territory.  The only losers were Real Estate and Utilities which were both down close to 2%.  On the upside, it was an interesting mix as Communication Services and Technology led the way higher (so surprise), but right behind those two sectors, Materials and Energy both also rallied over 1%.

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Bespoke Brunch Reads: 3/26/23

Welcome to Bespoke Brunch Reads — a linkfest of the favorite things we read over the past week. The links are mostly market related, but there are some other interesting subjects covered as well. We hope you enjoy the food for thought as a supplement to the research we provide you during the week.

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This Week In Banking

How Goldman’s Plan to Shore Up Silicon Valley Bank Crumbled by Anna Maria Andriotis, Corrie Driebusch, and Miriam Gottfried (WSJ)

As the pressure on Silicon Valley Bank rose in February amidst losses on their bond portfolio and declining deposits, management came to Goldman for solutions. The result was an equity offering that sparked a bank run and the second-largest ever bank failure in US history. [Link; paywall]

The first social media bank run? A newsletter popular with VCs may have been the domino that started the Silicon Valley Bank implosion by Steve Mollman (Yahoo! Finance)

A newsletter sent out back on February 23rd and widely read by the VC community described Silicon Valley Bank as “technically insolvent” and “levered 185:1”. That was one possible catalyst for the sudden evaporation of the bank’s deposit base a couple of weeks later. [Link]

Policy

How Biden saved Silicon Valley startups: Inside the 72 hours that transformed U.S. banking by Adam Cancryn, Ben White, and Victoria Guida (Politico)

The collapse of Silicon Valley Bank caught many offsides, including members of the Biden administration who frantically huddled through the weekend to understand the problem and start developing solutions. [Link]

European regulators criticise US ‘incompetence’ over Silicon Valley Bank collapse by Laura Noonan (FT)

The scramble last weekend to come up with a plan for stabilizing the banking system in the US has been met with dismay in Europe, where the decision to protect depositors is being described as “total and utter incompetence” for how they “killed a fly with a sledgehammer”. [Link; paywall]

Why Barney Frank Went To Work For Signature Bank by Isaac Chotiner (The NYer)

A remarkable interview with the king of giving interviewees enough rope to hang themselves. Former Representative Barney Frank attempts to explain why he flipped his view on bank regulation when he joined the board of a bank that ended up in FDIC receivership this weekend. [Link; soft paywall]

Republican U.S. Senator Rick Scott, Democrat Warren unveil Fed oversight bill by David Morgan (Yahoo!)

A bipartisan bill introduced in the Senate would replace the Federal Reserve’s internal inspector general with one appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. [Link]

What Have We Learned?

SVB, Bailouts, and How to Regulate Capitalism by Yakov Feigen (Building A Ruin)

Since we’re apparently going to be doing some kind of bank bailout regularly anyways, why not cut out the chaotic middlemen and direct investment publicly? [Link]

Investment Management

Star-Led Hedge Funds Hit by Steep Losses, Stunting Their Comeback by Nishant Kumar (Bloomberg)

Financial market chaos in March led to modest losses at multi-strategy funds with a diverse range of portfolio managers. Some more concentrated funds that hit it big last year got absolutely pounded with one fund actually shuttering. [Link; soft paywall]

What You Gain—and Lose—When You Lock Money Up for the Long Run by Jason Zweig (WSJ)

A proposed fund would see investors pay lower fees the longer they hold, but pay a penalty for withdrawals before a lockup period ended

. [Link; paywall]

Visible Prices

Pay Transparency in Job Postings Has More than Doubled Since 2020 by Cory Stahle (Hiring Lab)

A combination of hot labor markets and regulatory intervention in some large states is pushing a change in norms around pay transparency in job listings. [Link]

Bowling for $418? Surge Pricing Creeps Into Restaurants, Movies, Gym Class by Harriet Torry (WSJ)

A widening range of industries are experimenting with surge pricing that changes based on supply and demand at any given time of day or date. [Link; paywall]

Investment

Exclusive: Samsung’s new Texas chip plant cost rises above $25 billion by Alexandra Alper, Stephen Nellis and Heekyong Yang (Reuters)

Soaring raw materials costs are the primary source of price inflation for the huge manufacturing facilities that the chips industry has planned for a variety of locations across the US. [Link]

Boardrooms

Wealthy Executives Make Millions Trading Competitors’ Stock With Remarkable Timing by Robert Faturechi and Ellis Simani (ProPublica)

Well-connected operators are conducting some awfully suspicious trading not in their own company’s shares but in stocks linked to their company including both suppliers and competitors. [Link]

Paging Costanza

The New York Yankees are worth $6 billion, but players still need to pay $9 for Wi-Fi on team flights by Nicolas Vega (CNBC)

The Yankees really need a new travel manager to handle the same duties as Seinfeld’s co-star while he worked for the Steinbrenners. Cheapskate policies on flights are keeping ballplayers off the internet unless they pay up. [Link]

Real Estate

Home remodeling is slowing down, but ‘historic boom’ is coming by Dani Romero (Yahoo!)

An aging housing stock, low fixed mortgage costs, and huge home equity balances are all factors likely to continue driving significant home remodel spend in coming years. [Link; auto-playing video]

New York nears deal to ban gas stoves in new homes by Marie J. French (Politico)

As part of a broader trend and amidst concerns over everything from climate change to indoor air quality, New York is on the verge of a ban on gas furnaces, water heaters, clothes dryers, and stoves. [Link]

Land-use reforms and housing costs: Does allowing for increased density lead to greater affordability? By Christina Stacy et al (Sage)

Using machine learning, this paper creates a dataset of land-use (zoning) reforms that increase or decrease density, and uses that dataset to show that looser zoning restrictions increase housing supply (especially at the upper end of the market) though don’t have strong impacts on rents. Conversely, increased zoning restrictions lower densities and mean higher rent growth and fewer units available to middle-income renters. [Link]

Mangia

Everything I, an Italian, thought I knew about Italian food is wrong by Marianna Giusti (FT)

An incredible retrospective laying bare the lies that are the foundation of a national cuisine. What we think of as “Italian” cuisine is a relatively recent invention that has more to do with marketing than history. [Link; paywall]

AI

The Age of AI has begun by Bill Gates (GatesNotes)

Microsoft’s founder thinks the ChatGPT model is equivalent to the graphical user interface that kick-started personal computing for the masses in the 1980s as far as technical marvels go. [Link]

Labor Markets

Job Listings Abound, but Many Are Fake by Te-Ping Chen (WSJ)

Just because a job is listed as open, it doesn’t mean that there’s actually any interest in hiring. As many as half of online job listings are only kept up to give the impression of growth. [Link; paywall]

Elon

How Elon Musk knocked Tesla’s ‘Full Self-Driving’ off course by Faiz Siddiqui (WaPo)

Personal interventions in the development process by Elon Musk have dragged down the once high-flying progress Tesla had made towards autonomous driving. [Link; soft paywall]

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Have a great weekend!

The Bespoke Report – 3/24/23 – Shaking it Off

This week’s Bespoke Report newsletter is now available for members.  (Log in here if you’re already a subscriber.)

What a difference a few hours makes.  Heading into the trading day Friday, risk assets around the world were down sharply while treasury yields plunged on a flight to safety as bank vigilantes set their sights on Deutsche Bank as their next victim.  After taking SVB down two weeks ago and Credit Suisse last week, Deutsche Bank seemed like the next logical target as it  almost always find itself as key player during issues in the banking sector.  Some may have even wondered why it hadn’t been targeted earlier!

Below is one chart from this week’s Bespoke Report that you may find interesting. The most concerning aspect of the treasury market has been intraday volatility.  Traditionally, the two-year Treasury has been one of the least volatile areas of financial markets, but over the last month, the average daily move in the two-year yield has been over 17 basis points (bps), exceeding the peak volatility of the financial crisis to the most volatile trading since 1983.  These are not the types of moves you would expect to see in a well-functioning market and provide another example of something that’s ‘broken’ in the aftermath of the Fed’s most aggressive tightening cycle in forty years.

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Best and Worst Stocks Since the COVID Crash Low

We are now three years out from the COVID Crash low, and even with the past year’s weakness, most assets continue to sit on solid gains.  For major US index ETFs, the S&P Midcap 400 (IJH) is up the most having slightly more than doubled while the S&P Smallcap 600 (IJR) is not far behind having rallied 95.9%.  Value has generally outperformed growth, especially for mid and small-caps although that has shifted somewhat this year. For example, while its gains have been more middling since the COVID crash, the Nasdaq 100 (QQQ) has been the strongest area of the equity market in 2023 thanks to the strength of sectors like Tech (XLK) and Communication Services (XLC).  Although those sectors have posted strong gains this year, they have been the weakest over the past three years while Energy (XLE) far and away has been the strongest asset class. Paired with the strength of energy stocks has been solid runs in commodities (DBC)more broadly with the notable exception being Natural Gas (UNG) which has lost over 40%. Bond ETFs are similarly sitting on losses since the COVID Crash lows. As for international markets, Mexico (EWW) and India (PIN) have outpaced the rest of the world although Emerging Markets (EEM) as a whole have not been particularly strong; likely being dragged on by the weaker performance of China (ASHR) which holds a large weight on EEM.

Taking a look at current S&P 500 members, nearly half of the index has more than doubled over the past three years. As for the absolute best performers, Energy stocks dominate the list with four of the top five best-performing S&P 500 stocks coming from that sector. Targa Resources (TRGP) has been the absolute best performer with a nearly 900% total return.  Other notables include a couple of heavy weight stocks: Tesla (TSLA) and NVIDIA (NVDA) with gains of 563.9% and 412.9%, respectively.

On the other end of the spectrum, there are currently 25 stocks that have posted a negative return since the COVID Crash low.  The worst has been First Republic Bank (FRC) which has been more of a recent development.  Whereas today the stock has posted an 83.1% loss, at the start of this month it would have been a 65% gain.  Another standout on the list of worst performers has been Amazon (AMZN).  Most other mega caps have more than doubled since the March 2020 S&P 500 low, however, the e-commerce giant has hardly offered a positive return.

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