We sifted through earnings calls from the biggest companies that reported since last night’s (7/31) close, looking for some of the most interesting macro-related quotes from management teams that may serve as broader signals about the state of the economy, consumers, and markets. Below are twenty of the most revealing quotes that we pulled from this batch of calls, offering a window into what executives are seeing across industries and geographies right now.

• Amazon (AMZN): “What we can tell you is what we’ve seen so far in the first half of the year, we just haven’t seen diminished demand. And we haven’t seen any kind of broad-scale ASP increases. And so that could change in the second half. There are a lot of things that we don’t know, but that’s what we’ve seen so far.” – Andy Jassy, CEO
• Apple (AAPL): “You are going to see an increase in CapEx. We also, from time to time, have other investments in facilities, in toolings, but I would say a significant portion of the driver of growth that you’re seeing now is really driven by some of our AI-related investments.” – Kevan Parekh, CFO
• Clorox (CLX): “At the same time that you see this value seeking and you see this uncertainty behavior from consumers… you also see this really made accentuated trend right now on convenience and experiences. Consumers are still buying things and experiences they like. You’re still seeing them do things outside their home, go back to eat, et cetera. We’re seeing significant move to convenience. We’re seeing all these dynamics of consumers having to manage the uncertainty, which is meaning they’re moving their dollars in their wallet across different places and they’re doing it very, very dynamically.” – Linda Rendle, CEO
• Eastman Chemical (EMN): “There are unfair trade practices around the world, and there is aggressive dumping by some countries, especially overcapacity out of China and transshipping to avoid tariffs… But those, while very serious, need a strategic approach, and the challenge… is that trade strategy applying to all countries in the world at the same time may create more economic harm than what’s necessary… You’ve got a lot of volatility of imports going up, private inventories dropping, there are people who are moving product all over the world to try and get ahead of tariffs… It’s really chaotic to try and understand what’s really going on in end-market demand.” – Mark Costa, CEO
• Lumen Technologies (LUMN): “The global AI race is a matter of economic development and national security for the United States. We are pleased with the administration’s AI action plan and recent tax legislation, which not only reduces regulatory barriers and helps accelerate our current network build-out, it also provides us with additional capital to invest in our nation’s digital infrastructure.” – Kathleen E. Johnson, CEO
• Magna (MGA): “Most of the policy impacts are secondary impacts, right, like the EV credits going away, and therefore, the consumers may be not buying as many EVs… But on the other hand, if it increases hybrid and ICE vehicle sales, then we are part of the equation there… If the BEVs come back… the investment is behind us, and we would see that as a tailwind going forward.” – Seetarama Kotagiri, CEO
• World Kinect Corporation (WKC): “The power business, we all know the electrification of the economy [is improving]. That’s going to continue to grow at 50% or more… And then sustainability within carbon, that is something that has been highly politicized, but it’s not going away. I mean there is going to be a continuing market for that. You’ve got mandates that are coming through regardless of what certain countries are doing or certain parts of the world. States have got different activities. It’s complicated the carbon accounting.” – Michael Kasbar, CEO
• DXC Technology (DXC): “We are in the era of experimentation. All of us are trying it in many ways. There is no way to learn other than doing. So curiosity is king here… this isn’t a plug-in and just accelerate an existing process. This will be rethinking every process using AI to replicate human functions, using AI to augment human intensity by lowering operational intensity.” – Raul Fernandez, CEO
• KLA Corporation (KLAC): “This environment is new to our industry and the long-term tariff situation remains unclear… we’re now facing the likelihood of higher structural tariffs… there are some business processes as it relates to how we move parts around, how do we leverage free trade zones… if it drives structural cost increase, then that’s something that we’ll have to deal with… if you add in the economic cost of incremental tariffs, all of a sudden, some of those issues rise up the priority scale.” –  Bren Higgins, CFO
• Paramount Global (PARA): “Live sports are more valuable today than ever before, across both platforms. This year’s Final Four was the most watched in eight years, and CBS’s sports golf coverage in 2025 is up 13% year-over-year. It’s best performance in seven years.” – Chris McCarthy, CEO of Showtime
• Stryker (SYK): “[Ambulatory Surgical Centers are] not going to stop because it actually lowers the cost of health care. It’s a pleasurable experience for the surgeons. It’s a pleasurable experience for the patients. And I could see that healthy patients like to go to a place like this where there aren’t sick people. And so I absolutely see this trend continuing… I think you’ll see it across all specialties.” – Kevin Lobo, CEO
• Arthur J. Gallagher (AJG): “Within the US, we are seeing continued job growth, just not quite at the robust levels we saw during 2024. Additionally, trends from health insurance carriers continue to indicate ongoing increases in medical utilization and treatment costs. Our benefit professionals are well positioned to guide employers through these many challenges.” – J. Patrick Gallagher, CEO
• Colgate-Palmolive (CL): “I think one of the things we’re seeing both in the US and around the world is the inflation has hit food a little bit quicker than it’s hit other products. And as a result of that, consumers are spending more money on their food choices and as a result, perhaps be more cautious in other categories right now.” – Noel Wallace, CEO
• Telus (TU): “At some point, the market has to shift from irrational to rational… it’s just not sustainable to have that level of irrationality leading to negative NPV outcomes… Eventually, given the amount of capital that we deploy within our industry, I think economics have to drive our pricing decisions.” – Darren Entwistle, CEO
• CNH Industrial (CNH): “There is another conversation that hasn’t yet really revealed much detail and that is the trade deal between China and the US. We have recently observed on our side that China has removed some 600 extensions for tariff reductions from their import policy and that could go both ways. This could mean that there will be a trade deal between China and the US coming soon also including commodities. But it will also mean that this is not anymore possible for the US to import commodities to China. So, we don’t know really how that will play. And both has obviously impact on the Brazilian farmers who will improve, I think, their financial health next year and who will continue to purchase maybe at higher levels also next year their machines. But we need these certainties, particularly Brazil, US and China, US when it comes to commodity imports and exports.” – Gerrit Marx, CEO
• WW Grainger (GWW): “We do believe that market demand’s going to be relatively muted, and we’ve taken that down as well, and that’s just a reflection of what we think tariff price increases are likely to do for the market. We also think that’s temporary.” – D.G. Macpherson, CEO
• Edison (EIX): “We know the state knows that the underlying wildfire risk, again, broadly for the state, not just utility ignitions, but wildfire risk is only going to increase with climate change. I remind you that the adapting for tomorrow, white paper that we put out… said, that by 2050, California is [could see] as much as 3 feet of average sea level rise and 7x more the kind of hot days that today are in the top 1% and more floods and more droughts. And importantly, the risk of 20% more wildfire ignitions across all causes. So it’s imperative to this state be able to prepare for that risk that we know is coming and it’s going to be made worse by climate change.” – Pedro Pizarro, CEO
• Kimberly-Clark (KMB): “I do see purchasing power under pressure, for consumers. And frankly, we don’t really see a catalyst for that dynamic to change in the near to medium term… demand remains resilient and the categories continue to demonstrate durable growth, and that’s kind of a big deal.”  – Mike Hsu, CEO
• Fluor (FLR): “Over the past couple of months, we’ve seen more clients continue to take a wait-and-see approach due to a variety of reasons, including ongoing trade policy discussions and developments, cost escalation and interest rates. In a few cases, we’ve seen project cancellations or extended deferrals.” – James Breuer, CEO
• LPL Financial (LPLA): “The primary driver [of lower client cash balances]… is just the denominator growing, right? We’ve got a strong equity market… almost $100 billion on average for the last several quarters in a row. So you just have the denominator growing. Cash balances themselves have been pretty stable around $5,000 per account for quite some time.” – Matthew Audette, CFO

While payrolls announced by the BLS for July missed (+73k versus +104k estimated), the bigger story was revisions. A combined 258k jobs were revised out of May and June numbers, taking those months’ NFP prints to +19k and +14k respectively. Almost half of the revisions lower came from state and local government education, which accounts for less than 7% of total employment.

While jobs growth has slowed, there’s been no major uptick in unemployment due to job loss or more workers only part-time because they can’t find full-time work.

Labor income (employment times wages times hours) was also up over 7% annualized on the month and is up at 3.7% annualized on a 3m/3m basis that is similar to 2019’s nominal growth rate. Labor income has certainly slowed, but it’s not cratering in a way that would drive sharp pullbacks in spending despite the slow jobs growth.

Since the Global Financial Crisis, labor market data has broadly been viewed as an insight to the demand side of the labor market. But the current context is quite different: unemployment remains low, while labor supply is falling. The last 3 months saw a 3.3mm annualized decline in the labor force, driven by immigration policy and to a lesser extent demographics. As a result, slow job creation is much less concerning than when labor supply is rising.

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Please click the image below to view our July 2025 market calendar.  This calendar includes the S&P 500’s historical average percentage change and average intraday chart pattern for each trading day during the upcoming month.  It also includes market holidays and options expiration dates plus the dates of key economic indicator releases.  Click here to view Bespoke’s premium membership options.

The market ended the month of July on a down note, but the S&P 500 (SPY) still ended the month with a gain of 2.3%.  The Dow (DIA) only gained 0.2%, however, while the Tech-heavy Nasdaq 100 (QQQ) gained 2.4%.  While the cap-weighted S&P gained more than 2%, the equal-weight version of the index (RSP) gained just 1%.

Above is a look at recent performance across asset classes using our key ETF matrix.  For each ETF, we show its year-to-date change through July, its performance in July, and its performance today on the first trading day of August.

While domestic equities posted small gains in July, there was quite a bit of disparity among international markets.  The all-world ex US ETF (CWI) actually fell 1.1% in July, while countries like Brazil (EWZ), France (EWQ), Germany (EWG), India (INDA), Japan (EWJ), and Israel (EIS) fell even more than that.  China (MCHI) and Hong Kong (EWH) went the other way with gains of more than 4% during the month.  On the year, China (MCHI) finished July up 23.75% year-to-date, which is much better than SPY’s 8.5% gain.  Notably, India (INDA) ended July exactly flat on the year, which trails basically every other country around the world in terms of 2025 equity market returns.

Getting back to the US, sector returns have been scattered recently, with areas like Consumer Staples (XLP) and Health Care (XLV) selling off in July, while Industrials (XLI), Tech (XLK), and Utilities (XLU) — all areas benefitting from the AI Boom and its build-out — rallied.

To start August, however, Consumer Staples (XLP) and Health Care (XLV) are holding up well while the rest of the market plunges today.

In terms of large-caps versus small-caps, yet again, the small-cap Russell 2,000 (IWM) is lagging.  IWM is down 2.1% today after finishing July in the red on a year-to-date basis.  The small-cap value ETF (IJS) ended July down 6.4%.  That’s nearly 15 percentage points weaker than the 8.5% gain seen for the large-cap SPY.  Will small-caps ever outperform again?

We sifted through earnings calls from the biggest companies that reported since last night’s (7/30) close, looking for some of the most interesting macro-related quotes from management teams that may serve as broader signals about the state of the economy, consumers, and markets. Below are twenty of the most revealing quotes that we pulled from this batch of calls, offering a window into what executives are seeing across industries and geographies right now.

• Microsoft (MSFT): “We are going through a generational tech shift with AI… Every GPU requires storage and compute. That ratio is another thing that is really exponential for infrastructure growth… Just like the server-to-cloud transition was an expansion of usage, the AI transition is an expansion of compute — orders of magnitude more. As long as you do that, usage goes up, and that’s what shows up in the results.” – Satya Nadella, CEO
• Ford (F): “We increasingly see Europe, North America, and Asia becoming regional businesses with tariff rates that are aligned for those 3 or 4 regions. And I believe that is a very long-term change… It’s happening with electrification and CO2 requirements. And it will happen as well as the Chinese OEMs go global and start to localize outside of China, and they’ll pick the regions and the regions will pick them.” – James Farley, CEO
• Meta Platforms (META): “There are all these questions that people have about what are going to be the timelines to get to really strong AI or superintelligence or whatever you want to call it… each step along the way so far, we’ve observed the more kind of aggressive assumptions, or the fastest assumptions have been the ones that have most accurately predicted what would happen… we think that this is going to really shape all of our systems sooner rather than later… there’s just a very high chance it seems like the world is going to look pretty different in a few years from now… So yes, I mean, we’re just going to push very aggressively on all of that.” – Mark Zuckerberg, CEO
• Qualcomm (QCOM): “Consistent to what we have been saying, we’re starting to see AI use cases on phones to gain traction… What AI is doing is making connectivity more relevant again, especially because of voice utilization, is driving more computing, more capable devices and exactly changing the use cases. And the rate of utilization, it’s very encouraging… I expect that to continue to accelerate.” – Cristiano Renno Amon, CEO
• Mastercard (MA): “The strength of cross-border as well as domestic spend is a function of how consumer health is. And right now, we’re seeing the consumer to be in very good shape… We also mentioned about how commercial is actually performing well, and you know that commercial actually also lends to our cross-border metrics.” – Sachin Mehra, CFO
• Cognizant Technology (CTSH): “I see health care as an opportunity… which hasn’t as much embraced technology, and it has been fragmented all the way from payer, providers and pharmacies zone.” – Ravi Kumar Singisetti, CEO
• Lam Research (LRCX): “As AI performance requirements continue to demand these greater capabilities, we’re just seeing increased [wafer fabrication equipment] in the etch and deposition spaces… you need approximately 30% more wafers to produce an equivalent number of bits when you move from 3D to 4D. Similarly, SSD speeds… that’s being directly put in for performance… higher performance for SSDs, higher run speeds. So I think that everywhere these kind of packaging capabilities are being leveraged for performance and next-gen capabilities.” – Timothy Archer, CEO
• MGM Resorts (MGM): “International visitation has been an issue, not only for Las Vegas, but a lot of destinations. Particularly earlier in the year with Canada… we saw visitation down. I think Southern California this summer has laid quiet more than it historically has.” – William Joseph Hornbuckle, CEO
• Builders FirstSource (BLDR): “Our sense is builders are slowing on the start side. And without a clear indicator that interest rates are going to move any time soon, I think in the best case scenario, it’s going to be a little while. It probably won’t help this year. Our sense is that that slowing, that resetting to a lower rate in order to manage those completed home inventory levels, that’s what’s going to flow through. So that’s the slowing indication that you’ve got from us.” – Peter Jackson, CEO
• C.H. Robinson Worldwide (CHRW): “Certainly, there’s been a democratization of kind of freight brokerage tech over the last couple of years… From your question on, is it enabling carriers to stay in longer. I wouldn’t say that’s the case. We’ve seen a decline not only in the number of brokers, but also in capacity exits… I’m not sure I would agree maybe with your sentiment on that being a driver of keeping capacity in the marketplace. But certainly, I would acknowledge the democratization of freight brokerage tech.” – Michael Castagnetto, President of North American Surface Transportation
• S&P Global Inc. (SPGI): “We’re expecting 1 to 2 rate cuts from the US Fed in the second half of the year, and we’re expecting a slow but positive GDP growth across all major economic zones. We’re also expecting oil prices to be slightly lower in the back half compared to the first half, with dated Brent crude expected to be in the mid-60s.” – Martina Cheung, CEO
• ArcelorMittal (MT): “We are all waiting to see really the actions that the commission will pass into legislation. And it’s encouraging. And also the agreement between US and Europe with regards to coming together to find ways to ring fence the industry against the biggest issue that we face today. That is, of course, the overcapacity in China.” – Genuino Christino, CFO
• Anheuser-Busch Inbev (BUD): “Across the board, we see consumer confidence, not at the high levels that we saw back that in ’22, for example. And one would expect that at point, as the economy continues to progress, consumer confidence will converge. But we are not there yet… the consumer basket, a different consumer cohorts and economic, socioeconomic levels are being somehow stable, like they are buying on average the same dollars than they usually buy. But we all know that the same dollars with inflation will be less units being bought in the basket… where purchase power is already rebuilding… Then you see the industry recovery in line, not only on the euros that people is spending, but also in quantity.” – Michel Doukeris, CEO
• Arrow Electronics (ARW): “We definitely are seeing customer level inventories normalize, especially in the larger OEM piece of the market, and that’s been driving a level of replenishment activity. And we’re seeing normal booking patterns reemerge… We do think the mass market customer base lags the larger OEMs… Obviously, visibility will improve as either lead times extend or end market demand improves more sharply… Inventories normalizing in the high end, de-stocking still playing out in the lower end.” – Sean J. Kerins, CEO
• HF Sinclair (DINO): “There was a lot of concern earlier in the year that capacity growth would outshine demand growth. And really what we’ve seen play out over this year is that that’s not happening… The policies of this new administration are also strengthening the outlook for the refining industry. The CRA bill… reversed the ban on internal combustion engines in California, [and] the big beautiful bill that is taking away some of the artificial incentives for some of the EV vehicles… that’s really creating more of a global landscape that’s more favorable to our refining industry.” – Timothy Go, CEO
• Quanta Services (PWR): “The demand on power is exponential. It continues to come in. AI continues to prove out, both economically as well as what we see from power demand under any scenario. And if we’re going to lead the country in the world, you have to have power.” – Earl C Duke Austin, CEO
• International Paper (IP): “When you look at the market right now, it’s relatively flat sequentially… Housing has been just a mess and… people have been pretty constrained in terms of net investment spending. People have been pretty constrained in terms of inventory… I think one of the great lessons for everybody out of the COVID era was around supply chain… I think you’re going to see less [restocking] unless you get a really big step up in economic activity… there is a ton of pent-up investment… the downside scenario really is this continued muddiness and people holding back… we’re kind of four years into a pretty tough industrial environment.” – Andrew Silvernail, CEO
• Emcor (EME): “[Pharmaceutical manufacturers] got a bunch of new drugs they’re going to build onshore that they’ve been investing… I think they’re called GLP-1s, and the weight loss drugs. That’s been a big part of the story in the places we are, whether it be parts of Indiana or North Carolina and then somewhat New Jersey. Now, you’re getting to the second part, which I think they started playing in the middle of last year is… onshoring more manufacturing. That doesn’t happen overnight, but that has been ongoing, and I expect that to accelerate.” – Anthony J. Guzzi, CEO
• Pilgrim’s Pride (PPC): “If you look at the demand and you look at what’s happening in both retail, that is gaining market share because of the living increases in inflation and the concerns of the consumers about spending… On the foodservice, despite the reduction in the traffic, we’re seeing chicken gaining market share and increasing menu penetration… And I think that’s being what we’ve seen lately on the prices of boneless breast meat.” – Fabio Sandri, CEO